Revisiting the relationship between Ethnography, Discourse and Education

  • Judith L. Green Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
  • Maria Lucia Castanheira

Resumo

The question of the relationship between ethnography, discourse and education has been an area of an ongoing development for the last four decades. This paper addresses a series of questions proposed by the editors of this special issue of Calestrocópio Journal. These questions led us to a reexamination of key arguments by Shirley B. Heath, Brian V. Street and Kathryn M. Anderson-Levitt, who have influenced how ethnography can inform epistemological approaches to studying language in use in everyday settings in and out of school. In addition, we revisited the distinction between ethnography in and of education, proposed by Green and Bloome (1997), in the light of a recent reformulation focused on Anthropology in Education, of Education and for Education. This article focuses on the logic of inquiry central to understanding ethnography as epistemology

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Judith L. Green, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Centro de Alfabetização, Leitura e Escrita, Faculdade de Educacão, UFMG

Referências

American Educational Research Association (AERA) Standards for Reporting on Empirical Social Science Research. (https://www.aera.net/Publications/Standards-for-Research-Conduct).
Agar, M. (1994). Language shock: Understanding the culture of conversation. New York, NY: HarperCollins.
Agar, M. (2005). Culture: Can you take it anywhere? The International Journal of Qualitative Methods. DOI: 10.1177/160940690600500201
Agar, M. (2006). Culture: Can you take it anywhere? Invited lecture presented at the Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California at Santa Barbara. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(2), 1-16.
Agar, M. (2006b). An ethnography by any other name… Forum: Qualitative Social Research.. 7(4),
Anderson-Levitt (2006) Ethnography. In J. Green, G. Camilli & P. Elmore (Eds.) Handbook of Complementary Methods of Education Research
Anderson-Levitt (2010). “World Anthropologies of Education” in Levinson & Pollack, Eds., The Companion to Anthropology of Education
Anderson-Levitt, K M. 2012a. “Introduction: Anthropologies and Ethnographies of Education Worldwide.” In Anthropologies of Education: A Global Guide to Ethnographic Studies of A NTHROPOLOGY OF, IN, AND FOR EDUCAT ION Learning and Schooling, edited by Kathryn M. Anderson-Levitt, 1–28. New York: Berghahn Books.
Anderson-Levitt, Kathryn M., ed. 2012b. Anthropologies of Education: A Global Guide to Ethnographic Studies of Learning and Schooling. NewYork: Berghahn Books.
Anderson-Levitt & Rockwell (2017), Comparing Ethnographies: Local Studies of Education across the Americas, published by the American Educational Research Association (AERA).
Andrade, L.T. & Castanheira, M.L. (2016). Lendo o texto de História do livro didático: construindo práticas de leitura e narrativas históricas.. EDUCAÇÃO EM FOCO, v. 29, p. 35-60, 2016.
Arthur, J., Warning, M. Coe, R. & Hedges, L. (2012). Research Methods & Methodologies in Education. London: SAGE.
Aschner M. J. (1960). The language of teaching. Teachers College Record Volume 61 Number 5, 1960, p. 242-252
Aschner, M. J. (1961). The language of teaching. In B.O. Smith & R.H. Ennis (Eds.), Language and Concepts in Education: Analytic Study of Educational Ideas. (pp.112-126). Chicago: Rand McNally and Company (reprinted from TC Record, 1960)
Atkinson, P. 1990. The Ethnographic Imagination: Textual Constructions of Reality. London: Routledge
Atkinson, P. Coffey, A., Delamont, S., Lofland, J. & Lofland, L. (2001). The Handbook of Ethnography. London: SAGE.
Baker, D. & Green, J. (2007). Limits to certainty in interpreting video data: Interactional ethnography and disciplinary knowledge. Pedagogies: An International Journal, 2(3), 191- 204.
Baker, D., Green, J. & Skukauskaite, A. (2008). Video-enabled ethnographic research: A microethnographic perspective. In G. Walford (ed.), How to do Educational Ethnography. London, UK: Tufnell Press.
Baker, W. D. & Daumer, E. (2015). Designing interdisciplinary instruction: Exploring disciplinary and conceptual differences as a resource. Pedagogies: An International Journal, 10(1), 38-53, DOI: 10.1080/1554480X.2014.999776
Bakhtin, M. M. (1979/1986). Speech genres and other late essays , Austin: University of Texas Press.
Beach, D., Bagley, C. & Marques da Silva, S. (2018). The Wiley Handbook of Ethnography of Education Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
Birdwhistell, R. (1977). Some discussion of ethnography, theory, and method. In John Brockman (ed.), About Bateson: Essays on Gregory Bateson. (pp. 103-144). New York: E.P. Dutton.
Bloome, D. & Beauchemin, F. (2016). Languaging everyday life in classrooms. In Literacy Research: Theory, Method, and Practice. Vol. 62, 152-165.
Bloome, D., Beauchemin, F., Brady, J., Buescher, E., Kim, M., & Schey, R. (2018). Anthropology of education, anthropology in education, and anthropology for education. In H. Callan (ed.) The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. (DOI: 10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2140)
Bloome, D., Carter, S., Christian, B., Otto, S., & Shuart-Faris, N. (2005). Discourse analysis and the study of classroom language and literacy events A Microethnographic approach. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bloome, D., Castanheira, M., Leung, C., & Rowsell, J. (Eds.) (2019) Re-Theorizing literacy practices. New York: Routledge.
Bloome, D., & Egan-Robertson, A., (1993). The social construction of interatextuality in classroom reading and writing lessons. Reading Research Quarterly, 28 (4), 304-333.
Bloome, D., & Green, J. (In press). Ethnography. In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bloome, D. & Green, J. (1992). Educational contexts of literacy. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 12, 49-70.
Bloome, D., & Hong, H. (2013). Reading and intertextuality. In C. Chapelle (Ed.) Encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.
Bloome, D., & Kim, M-Y. (2015). The social and linguistic turns in literacy theory: A retrospective and prospective view. Korean Language Education Research Journal, 36, 495-533.
Bloome, D., Puro, P. & Theodorou, E. (1989). Procedural display and classroom lessons. Curriculum Inquiry, 19, 3, 265-291.
Callan, H. (ed.) The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. (DOI: 10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2140)
Carter, Stephanie Power. 2007. “‘Reading All That White Crazy Stuff’: Black Young Women Unpacking Whiteness in a High School British Literature Classroom.” Journal of Classroom Interaction 41 (2): 42–54.
Castanheira, M. L.. (2004). Aprendizagem Contextualizada: discurso e inclusão na sala de aula. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica.
Castanheira, M.L. (2013). Indexical signs within Local and Global Contexts: Case Studies of Changes in Literacy Practices across generations of Working Class Families in Brazil. In: Judy, Kalman; Brian Street. (Org.). Literacies and Numeracies in Latin America: Local Perspectives and Beyond. New York and London: Routledge, v., p. 95-108.
Castanheira, M. L., Crawford, T., Dixon, C. N., & Green, J. L. (2000). Interactional Ethnography: An Approach to Studying the Social Construction of Literate Practices. Linguistics and Education, 11(4), 353-400. doi: 10.1016/s0898-5898(00)00032-2
Castanheira, M. L., Green J. L . & Dixon, C.N., (2007). Praticas de letramento em sala de aula: uma analise de ações letradas como construção social. Revista Portuguesa de Educação, v. 20, p. 07-36.
Castanheira, M.L., Street, B.V., Carvahlo, G.T. (2015). Navigating across academic contexts: Campo and Angolan students in a Brazilian university. Pedagogies (Mahwah, N.J.), v. 1, p. 1-16,
Castanheira, M.L., Neves, V.F.A., & Gouvea, M.C.S., (2013). Eventos interacionais e eventos de letramento: um exame das condições sociais e semióticas da escrita em uma turma de educação infantil. Cadernos CEDES (Impresso), v. 33, p. 91-107.
Cazden, C. (1986). Classroom discourse. In M. Wittrock (ed.) Handbook of research on teaching: Third edition (pp. 432-463). New York: Macmillan.
Cazden, C. (1988). Classroom discourse. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Cazden, C. B. (2017). Communicative competence, classroom interaction, and educational equity: The selected works of Courtney B. Cazden. New York, NY: Routledge.
Cazden, C., John, V., Hymes, D. (eds). (1972). Functions of language in the classroom. New York: Teachers College Press.
Clifford, J., & Marcus, G. (eds.) (1986). Writing culture: The poetics and politics of ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Cochran-Smith, M. (1984), The making of a reader. Norwood, NJ: Ablex
Cole, K. J., & Zuengler, J. (Eds.). (2007). The research process in classroom discourse analysis: Current perspectives. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Cook-Gumperz, Jenny, ed. (1986) 2006. The Social Construction of Literacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Corsaro. W. & Heise, D. R. (1999), event structure models from ethnographic data c. Clogg (ed.), Sociological Methodology: 1990 (Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell), pp. 1-57.
Corson, D. (1997), Encyclopedia of Language and Education, Dortrecht: Springer Science
Cunningham, C. M., & Kelly, G. J. (2017). Epistemic practices of engineering for education. Science Education, 101, 486–505. doi.org/10.1002/sce.21271.
Davies, B. & Corson, D. (1997), Oral Discourse and Education, Dortrecht: Springer Science.
Delamont, S. (2011). Handbook of Qualitative Research in Education. London: Edward Elgar
Egan-Robertson, A., & Bloome, D. (Eds.) (1998). Students as Researchers of Culture and Language in Their Own Communities. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
Egan-Robertson, A. & Bloome,D. (eds.) (1998). Students as Researchers of Culture and Language in Their Own Communities. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
Ellen, R.F. (ed.) (1984). Ethnographic research: A guide to general conduct. New York: Academic Press.
Erickson, F. (1982). Taught cognitive learning in its immediate environment: A neglected topic in the anthropology of education. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 13(2), 149-179.
Erickson, F. (1986). Qualitative methods on research on teaching. In M. Wittrock (ed.) Handbook of research on teaching: Third edition (pp. 119-161). New York: Macmillan.
Evertson, C., & Green, J., (1986). Observation as theory and method. In M. Wittrock (ed.) Handbook of research on teaching: Third edition (pp. 162-214). New York: Macmillan.
Fairclough, N. (1992). Intertextuality in critical discourse analysis. Linguistics and Education, 4(3-4), 269-293.
Floriani, A. (1993). Negotiating wht counts: Roles and relationships, texts and contexts, content and meaning. Linguistics and Education, 5 (3&4), 241-274.
Flood, Heath and Lapp (1997) Handbook of Research on Teaching Literacy Though the Communicative and Visual Arts: NY: McMillan.
Freitas, C.A. & Castanheira, M.L. (2008). Talked Images: Examining the Contextualised Nature of Image Use. Pedagogies (Mahwah, N.J.), v. 2, p. 151-164
Gilmore, P. & Glatthorn, A. (eds). Children in and out of school. Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Gee, J. P. & Green, J. L. (1998). Discourse analysis, learning, and social practice: A methodological study. Review of Research in Education. 23, 369-391.
Geertz, C. (1983). Local knowledge. New York: Basic Books.
Green, J. (1983). Research on teaching as a linguistic process: A state of the art. Review of Research in Education, 10, 151-252. (b)
Green, J., & Bloome, D. (1997). Ethnography and Ethnographers of and in Education: A Situated Perspective. In J. Flood, S. Heath and D. Lapp (Eds.) A Handbook of Research on Teaching Literacy through the Communicative and Visual Arts. (pp. 181–202). New York: Simon and Shuster Macmillan.
Green, J., & Bloome, D. (in press). Video documentation and analysis in literacy studies. In C. Chapelle (Ed.) Encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.
Green, J. L. & Bridges, S. (2017). Interactional Ethnography. In F. Fischer, C. E. Hmelo-Silver, S. Goldman & P. Reimann, International Handbook of the Learning Sciences NY: Routledge/ Taylor & Francis
Green, Camilli & Elmore, 2006)(Eds.), Handbook of Complementary Methods of Education Research
Green, J. L., and Castenheira. M. L., (2012). “Exploring Classroom Life and Student Learning: An Interactional Ethnographic Approach.” In Understanding Teaching and Learning: Classroom Research Revisited, edited by Baljit Kaur, 53–67. Rotterdam: Sense.
Green, J., Castanheira, M.L., & Yeager, B. (2011). Researching the opportunities for learning for Students with learning difficulties in classrooms: An ethnographic perspective. In C. Wyatt-Smith, J. Elkins, & S. Gunn (Eds), Multiple Perspectives on Difficulties in Learning Literacy and Numeracy. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Green, J., Castanheira, M.L. Skukauskaite, A. & Hammond, J. (2015). Developing a Multi-Faceted Research Process: An Ethnographic Perspective for Reading Across Traditions, In. N. Markee (Ed.), Handbook of Classroom Discourse and Interaction, (pp. 26-43). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell
Green, J. L. & Bridges, S. (2017). Interactional Ethnography. In F. Fischer, C. E. Hmelo-Silver, S. Goldman & P. Reimann, International Handbook of the Learning Sciences NY: Routledge/ Taylor & Francis
Green, J., Chian, M., Stewart, E, with Brooks, L.A., Saveri, A., Couch, S., Stewart, A. & Yeager, B, (2017). What is an ethnographic archive an archive of? A telling case of challenges in exploring developing interdisciplinary programs in higher education. Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia. Lithuania, Klaipeda University.
Green, J., Dai, Y., Joo, J. ,Williams, E., Liu, A., & Lu, C-Y. (2016). Interdisciplinary Dialogues As A Site For Reflexive Exploration of Conceptual Understandings of Teaching-Learning Relationships Pedagogies: An International Journal, DOI: 10.1080/1554480X.2014.999777
Green, J., Dixon, C., & Zaharlick, A. (2003). Ethnography as a logic of inquiry. In J. Flood, D. Lapp & J. Squire (Eds.) The Handbook for Research in the Teaching of the English Language Arts. Mahwah, NJ: LEA.
Green, J. L. & Harker, J. O. (Eds.). (1988). Multiple perspective analyses of classroom discourse. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
Green, J. & Heras, A.I., Identities in Shifting Educational Policy Contexts: Languages, One Community to English Only, In G. Lopez-Bonilla & I. Englander (Eds.), Discourses and Identities in Contexts of Educational Change (pp.155-194). Peter Lang Publishing
Green, J., Skukauskaite, A. and Baker, B. (2012). Ethnography as epistemology: An introduction to educational ethnography. In J. Arthur, M. I. Waring, R. Coe, L. V. Hedges (Eds.), Research Methodologies and Methods in Education (pp. 309–321). London: Sage. Ltd.
Green, J. & Wallat, C., (Eds.) (1981). Ethnographic and Language in Educational Settings. Norwood, NJ: Ablex
Grenfell, M., Bloome, D., Hardy, C., Pahl, K., Rowsell, & J., Street, B. (2012). Language, ethnography, and education: Bridging New Literacy Studies and Bourdieu. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Gumperz, John J. 1981. “Conversational Inference and Classroom Learning.” In Ethnographyand Language in Educational Settings, edited by Judith L. Green and Cynthia Wallat, 3–24. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Gumperz, J. (1986). Interactional Sociolinguistics. In J. Cook-Gumperz (Ed.), The social construction of literacy. (pp. ). New York: Cambridge
Gumperz, J., & Hymes, D. (eds). (1972). Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc.
Gutierrez, K., (1993). How talk, context, and script shape contexts for learning: A cross-case comparison of journal sharing. Linguistics and Education. 5 (3&4), 335-366.
Hasan, R. (1994). ‘Situation and the definition of genre’, In What's Going on Here: Complementary Studies of Professional Talk, edited by Allen D. Grimshaw. Norwood, N J: Ablex
Heath, S. B. (1982). Ethnography in education: Defining the essential. In P. Gilmore & A.Glatthorn (eds). Children in and out of school (pp. 33-58). Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Heath, Shirley. 1983. Ways with Words: Language, Life, and Work in Communities and Classrooms. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press.
Heath, S. B.(2012). Heath, Shirley. 2012.Words atWork and Play: Three Decades in Family and Community Life. New York: Cambridge University Press
Heap, J. (1991). Ethnomethodology, cultural phenomenology, and literacy activities. Curriculum Inquiry. 21(1), pp. 109-117.
Heap, J. (1995). The status of claims in “qualitative educational research. Curriculum Inquiry. 25 (1), pp. 271-292.
Heath, Shirley. 1983. Ways with Words: Language, Life, and Work in Communities and Classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Heath, S. B., & Peters, S., (1984) Ethnography and education: An uneasy union? Reviews in Anthropology, 52-57.
Heath, S. B. & Street, B. with Molly Mills. (2008). On Ethnography: Approaches to language and literacy research. NY: Teachers College Press
Heras, A. (1993). The construction of understanding in a sixth-grade bilingual classroom. Linguistics and Education. 5 (3&4), 275-300.
Heras, A.I. & Green, J. Identidades y politicas publicas educativas. Las consecuencias de cambiar de una comunidad bilingue a ingles como unica lengua de instruccion,In G. Lopez Bonilla y Carmen Perez Fragoso, Discursos e identidades en contextos de cambio Educativo. Mexico: Plaza y Valdez Hornberger & Corson, 200x;
Hornberger, N. (2008). Handbook of Language and Education. The Netherlands: Springer.
Hymes, D. (1982). What is ethnography? In P. Gilmore & A. Glatthorn (eds). Children in and out of school (pp. 21-32). Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Jeffrey, B, & Troman, G, (2004), Time for ethnography. British Educational Research Journal. 30(4). 535-548.
Kaur, B. (Ed.). (2012). Understanding teaching and learning: Classroom research revisited. The Netherlands: Sense Publishing.
Kelly, G. J. (2006) Epistemology and educational research. In J. Green, G. Camilli, & P. Elmore, (Eds.), Handbook of complementary methods in education research (pp. 33–55). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Kelly, G. J. (2008). Inquiry, activity, and epistemic practice. In R. Duschl & R. Grandy (Eds.) Teaching scientific inquiry: Recommendations for research and implementation (pp. 99-117; 288–291). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Kelly, G. J. (2008). Learning science: Discursive practices. In A.-M. de Mejia & M. Martin-Jones (Eds.) Encyclopedia of language and education, Vol. 3: Discourse and education (pp. 329–340). New York: Springer.
Kelly, G. J. (2016a). Methodological considerations for the study of epistemic cognition in practice. In J. A. Greene, W.A. Sandoval, & I. Braten (eds.) Handbook of epistemic cognition (pp. 393-408). New York: Routledge.
Kelly, G. J. (2016b). Learning science: Discourse practices. In S. Wortham, & D. Kim, & S. May, (Eds.) Encyclopedia of language and education, Vol. 3: Discourse and education (pp. 1–15). New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02322-9_29-1
Kelly, G. J. & Green, J. L. (Eds.). (2019). Theory and methods for sociocultural research in science and engineering education. New York: Routledge.
Kelly, G. J., & Licona, P. (2018). Epistemic practices and science education. In M. Matthews (Ed.), History, philosophy and science teaching: New research perspectives (pp. 139–165). Springer: Dordrecht. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62616-1_5. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-62616-1_5
Kelly, G. J., Luke, A., & Green, J. (2008). What counts as knowledge in educational settings: Disciplinary knowledge, assessment, and curriculum. Review of Research in Education, 32, vii–x.
Kuhn, T. S., (1962), The structure of the scientific revolution. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago.
Lakatos, I. Falsification and the methodol- ogy of scientific research programs. In Lakatos and A. Musgrave (Eds.), Criticism and the growth of knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
Lemke, J. (1990), Talking science. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Levinson, Gonzalez, and Anderson-Levitt (2015). Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Education: The United States and Beyond. In Smelser & Baltest (ed). International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences.
Levinson & Pollack, 2010. (Eds.) The Companion to Anthropology of Education
Lin, L. (1993). Language of and in the classroom: Constructing the patterns of social life. Linguistics and Education. 5 (3&4), 2367-410
Luke, A., Green, J., & Kelly, G. J., (2010). What counts as evidence and equity? Review of Research in Education, 34, vii–xvi.
McCarty, Teresa. 2005. “Indigenous Epistemologies and Education: Self Determination, Anthropology, and Human Rights.” Anthropology & Education Quarterly 36 (1): 1–7.
McCarty, T. (2014). Ethnography in Educational Linguistics. In The Routledge Handbook of Educational Linguistics https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315797748.ch2
Markee, N. (2015). The handbook of classroom discourse and interaction. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Martin-Jones, M. & de Meija, A.-M. (Eds.). (2007). Discourse and Education (Vol. 3), Encyclopedia of Language and Education. The Netherlands: Springer.
Malinowski, B. (1922). Argonauts of the Western Pacific. London: Routledge.
Mehan, H. (1979). Learning lessons: Social organization in classrooms. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mercer, N. & Hodgkinson, S. (2008). Exploring talk in school. London: Sage Publications.
Mitchell, C. J. (1984). Producing Data. In R. F. Ellen (Ed.), Ethnographic research: A guide to general conduct (pp. 213-293). New York: Academic Press.
Neves, V.F.A., Gouvea, M.C.S, Castanheira, M.L. (2011). A passagem da educação infantil para o ensino fundamental: tensões contemporâneas. Educação e Pesquisa (USP. Impresso), v. 37, p. 121-140, 2011.
Newell, G., Bloome, D., Hirvela, A., with VanDerHeide , J., Wynhoff Olsen, A., & Lin, T-J. (with Buescher, E., Goff, B., Kim, M., Ryu, S., Weyand, L.). (2015). Teaching and Learning Argumentative Writing in High School English Language Arts Classrooms. New York: Routledge.
Philips, S. (1983). Invisible Culture: Communication in Classroom and Community on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. In C. Cazden, V. John & D. Hymes, Functions of language in the classroom. New York: Teachers College Press.
Pea, R., Goldman, Barron, R, Derry, S., (Eds.) (2010), Contribution to Video Research in the Learning Sciences, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Poveda, David. 2003. “Paths to Participation in Classroom Conversations.” Linguistics and Education 141: 69–98.
Rockwell, Elsie. 2005. “Indigenous Accounts of Dealing with Writing.” In Language, Literacy and Power in Schooling, edited by Teresa McCarty, 5–28. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Scribner, Sylvia, and Michael Cole. 1981. The Psychology of Literacy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Santa Barbara Classroom Discourse Group (Green, J., Dixon, C., Lin, L., Floriani, A., & Bradley M., Paxton, S., Mattern, C., & Bergamo, H.), Constructing literacy in the classroom: Literate action as social accomplishment. In H. Marshall (Ed.), Redefining learning: Roots of Educational Change, Pp. 119-151. Norwood, NJ: Ablex
Scribner, Sylvia, and Michael Cole. 1981. The Psychology of Literacy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
(2005). Shuart-Faris, N., & Bloome, D. (Eds.). Intertextuality and Research on Classroom Education. Greenwich, CT: IAP.
Smith, L. (1990). Critical introduction: Whither classroom ethnography? In M. Hammersly, Classroom ethnography (pp.1-12). Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.
Smith, B. O. & Ennis, R. H. (1961). Language and Concepts in Education. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Spindler, G. (ed.) (1982). Doing the ethnography of schooling: Educational Anthropolgy in action.. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Spindler, G. (2000). (ed.) Fifty years of anthropology and education 1950-2000: A Spindler anthology. Mawah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Spindler, G., & Spindler, L. (1982). Do anthropologists need learning theory? Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 13, 2, 109-124.
Spindler, G., & Spindler, L. (1983). Anthroethnography. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 14 (3), pp. 191-194.
Spindler, George. 2000. “Previews.” In Fifty Years of Anthropology and Education 1950–2000: A Spindler Anthology, edited by George Spindler, 25–48. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Spindler, George, and Louise Spindler. 1987. “Issues and Applications in Ethnographic Methods.” In Interpretive Ethnography of Education, edited by George Spindler and Louise Spindler, 1–7. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Spradley, J., (1980). Participant observation. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Spolsky, B. & Hult, F. (2007). Handbook of educational linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.
Street, Brian V., ed. 1993. Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Street, B. (1993). The new literacy studies. Journal of Research in Reading, 16(2), 81-97.
Street, B. (ed.) (1993). Cross-cultural approaches to literacy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Street (2005)
Street, Brian V. 2013. “Anthropology in and of Education.” Teaching Anthropology 3 (1): 57–60.
Strike, K.A. The expressive potential of behaviorist language. American Educational Research Journal, 1974, Spring, 11, pp 103- 120.
Strike, K. (1979) An Epistemology of Practical Research. Educational Researcher, Vol. 8, No. 1 , pp. 10-16
Strike, K. A. (1989). Liberal Justice and the Marxist critique of education. New York: Routledge. p. 6.
Rockwell, Elsie. 2005. “Indigenous Accounts of Dealing with Writing.” In Language, Literacy and Power in Schooling, edited by Teresa McCarty, 5–28. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Schieffelin, Bambi B., and Perry Gilmore, eds. 1986. The Acquisition of Literacy: Ethnographic Perspectives. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Sheridan, D., Street, B., & Bloome, D. (2000). Writing Ourselves: Mass-Observation and Literacy Practices. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
Smith, B. O. & Ennis, R. H. (1961). Language and Concepts in Education. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Toulmin, S. Human understanding. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1972
Walford, G., (Ed.) (2012). How to do educational ethnography. London: The Tufnell Press.
Wittgenstein, L. (1958). Philosophical investigations (3rd ed.). (G. E. M. Anscombe, Trans.). New York: Macmillan Publishing.
Wortham S., Kim, D. & May, S. (Eds.). (2017). Discourse and Education (Vol. 3). Encyclopedia of Language and Education. The Netherlands: Springer.
Wyatt-Smith, C., & Cummings, J. (Eds.) (2000). Examining the literacy-curriculum relationship. Linguistics and Education, 11(4), 295-312.
Wyatt-Smith, C., Elkins, J., & Gunn, S. (Eds.). (2011). Multiple Perspectives on Difficulties in Learning Literacy and Numeracy. London: Springer.
Yeager, Castanheira & Green, in press
Zaharlick, A. & Green, J. (1991). Ethnographic Research. In J. Flood, J.S. Jensen, D. Lapp, & J. Squire (Eds.), Handbook on teaching the English language arts, (pp. 205-226). New York: MacMillan
Publicado
2019-06-21