A variação na produção dos sons /θ/, /ð/ e [ɫ]
implicações para o ensino da língua inglesa como língua franca
Abstract
The teaching of English from the perspective of a lingua franca is based on the notion of intelligibility to the detriment of pronunciation forms of “standard” varieties. This nonconformity to ideal native-like pronunciation forms brings into discussion the heterogeneous pronunciation of English among its own native speakers, which is mostly evident when it comes to the sounds /θ/, /ð/, and [ɫ]. In this article, we present a theoretical review about the variation of the production of these segments in English varieties, as well as about the association of these pronunciation forms and of other phonological features to the concept of intelligibility. As this approach underpins the proposal for the teaching of English in Brazil, as prescribed by the BNCC (National Common Curriculum Base), we reflect on aspects that should be considered for the teaching and, consequently, for the education of English teachers in the Brazilian context.
Downloads
References
BAMGBOSE, Ayo. Torn between the norms: innovations in world Englishes. World Englishes. Oxford, v. 17, no. 1, p. 1-14, 1998.
BLEVINS, Juliette. New perspectives on English sound patterns: “natural” and “unnatural” in evolutionary phonology. Journal of English Linguistics. v. 34, no. 1, p. 6-25, 2006.
BRASIL. Base Nacional Comum Curricular, Ministério da Educação, Brasília, MEC, 2018.
BYRAM, Michael. Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning, London and New York, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2006.
CANAGARAJAH, Suresh. Changing communicative needs, revised assessment objectives: testing English as an International Language. Language Assessment Quaterly. v. 3, no. 3, p. 229-242, 2006.
CARR, Philip. English phonetics and phonology: an introduction, Chichester, Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.
CIALDINI, Marina Melo. Uma proposta de aprimoramentos para faixas de proficiência destinadas à avaliação da pronúncia em um exame para professores de línguas estrangeiras: um produto da análise dos seus critérios avaliativos e da pronúncia dos sons /θ/, /ð/ e [ɫ] em falas de (futuros) professores de língua inglesa, 2023, 268f. (Dissertação de Mestrado em Linguística Aplicada), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto.
CRYSTAL, David. The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of the English Language, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
CRYSTAL, David. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, 2008.
DERWING, Tracey. M.; MUNRO, Murray. J. Accent, intelligibility, and comprehensibility: evidence from four L1s. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. v. 19, p. 1–16, 1997.
DURIAN, David. The vocalization of /l/ in urban blue collar Columbus, OH African American Vernacular English: a quantitative sociophonetic analysis. OSUWPL. v. 58, p. 30-51, 2008.
ECKMAN, Fred R. Typological markedness and second language phonology. In: HANSEN EDWARDS, Jette. G.; ZAMPINI, Mary. L (Eds.). Phonology and Second Language Acquisition, s.l., John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008, p. 95-115.
FRIEDRICH, Patricia; MATSUDA, Aya. When five words are not enough: a conceptual and terminological discussion of English as a lingua franca. International Multilingual Research Journal. London, v. 4, no. 1, p. 20-30, 2010.
JENKINS, Jennifer. The Phonology of English as an International Language, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000.
JENKINS, Jennifer. English as a Lingua Franca: Attitude and Identity, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007.
JENKINS, Jennifer. English as a lingua franca: interpretations and attitudes. World Englishes. Oxford, v. 28, no. 2, p. 200-207, 2009.
JOHNSON, Wyn; BRITAIN, David John. L-vocalisation as a natural phenomenon: explorations in sociophonology. Language Sciences. v. 29, p. 294-315, 2007.
JORDÃO, Clarissa Menezes. ILA – ILF – ILE – ILG: quem dá conta? Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada. Belo Horizonte, v. 14, no. 1, p. 13-40, 2014.
KATALIN, Balogné Berces. Beginner’s English Dialectology: an introduction to the accents and dialects of English, Budapest, Ad Librum, 2008.
LEITÃO, Emília Lorentz de Carvalho. Aquisição das fricativas interdentais do Inglês: uma abordagem via restrições, 2007, 122 f. (Dissertação de Mestrado em Letras), Centro de Artes e Letras, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria.
LEVIS, John. M. Intelligibility, oral communication, and the teaching of pronunciation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018.
MADDIESON, Ian. Patterns of Sounds, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1984.
MUGGLESTONE, Lynda. Chapter 8: Received Pronunciation. In: BERGS, Alexander; BRINTON, Laurel (org). The history of English: varieties of English, Berlin, Mouton Reader, 2017, p. 151-168.
MUNRO, Murray. J.; DERWING, Tracey. M. The functional load principle in ESL pronunciation instruction: an exploratory study. System. v. 34, p. 520-531, 2006.
MUNRO, Murray. J.; DERWING, Tracey M.; MORTON, Susan. L. The mutual intelligibility of L2 speech. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge University Press, v. 28, no. 1, p. 111-131, 2006.
SILVEIRA, Rosane; SCHADECH, Thaís Suzana. How the non-target pronunciations of the consonants /θ/ and /ð/ by Brazilian learners affect comprehensibility? Cadernos do IL, Porto Alegre, no. 46, p. 4-23, junho de 2013.
SMITH, Larry E.; NELSON, Cecil L. International intelligibility of English: directions and resources. World Englishes. Oxford, v. 4, no. 3, p. 333-342, November 1985.
SOUZA, Liana Bairros. [fi:l] ou [fi:w]?: a produção variável da lateral pós-vocálica na aprendizagem do inglês por falantes do português brasileiro, 2010, 105 f. (Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos da Linguagem), Instituto de Letras, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
WELLS, John Christopher. The Cockneyfication of RP? In: MELCHERS, Gunnel; JOHANNESSON, Nils-Lennart (ed.). Nonstandard varieties of language. Papers from the Stockholm Symposium, 11-13 April 1991. Stockholm, Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1991.
Copyright (c) 2024 Caletroscópio
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The publication Caletroscopio shall retain for a period of three years all authorial rights for works accepted for publication: articles, reviews, translations, etc. Outside this restriction, these works are licenced through Licença Creative Commons-Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional.
Upon expiry of this period, in the event that the author publishes the text, even when making alterations to the original, we would ask authors to include as a footnote, the information that a previous version of the article was published in the Revista Caletroscópio, citing the appropriate references.
