How Ancient is Art? / Quão antiga é a arte?
Abstract
In this paper I suggest that music and dance of an artful kind could pre-date the emergence of our species by several hundred thousand years. Our progenitor, H. heidelbergensis, had the necessary physiological resources and social capacities. And she inherited older modes of moving and vocalizing that could have laid the foundations for dance and music. Admittedly, for her, these artistic activities would have been more about sharing and expressing emotions than about symbolizing abstract ideas or conveying complex thoughts. But that is something for which song and dance are ideally suited. Accordingly, the common assumption made by many paleoarcheologists in discussions of the origins of art and of psychological modernity – that art is a distinctively sapiens attribute presupposing the kind of complex mentality that may be unique to our species – is mistaken. As well, there are some philosophical morals about the nature of art to be teased from the facts of its ancient origin.
Keywords: Evolution; Homo heidelbergensis; Beauty; Music; Dance.
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References
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GAMBLE, Clive. When the Words Dry Up: Music and Material Metaphors Half a Million Years Ago. In: BANNAN, N. (Ed.). Music, Language, and Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012, p. 81-106.
GARDINER, Martin F. Responses to Music: Emotional Signaling, and Learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, v. 31, p. 580-581, 2008.
GRÄSLUND, Bo. Early Humans and their World. Translated by N. Price. London: Routledge, 2005.
HAGEN, Edward D.; HAMMERSTEIN, Peter. Did Neanderthals and other Early Humans Sing? Seeking the Biological Roots of Music in the Territorial Advertisements of Primates, Lions, Hyenas, and Wolves. Musicae Scientiae, v. 13, n. 2, p. 291-320, 2009.
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KOELSCH, Stefan. Brain and Music. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
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LAWSON, Andrew J. Painted Caves: Paleolithic Rock Art in Western Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
LEVITIN, Daniel J. This is your Brain on Music: The Science of Human Obsession. New York: Dutton, 2006.
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MCBREARTY, Sally; BROOKS, Alison S. The Revolution that Wasn’t: A New Interpretation of the Origin of Modern Humans. Journal of Human Evolution, v. 39, p. 453-563, 2000.
MARWICK, Ben. Pleistocene Exchange Networks as Evidence for the Evolution of Language. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, v. 13, p. 67-81, 2003.
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MERKER, Björn. The Conformal Motive in Birdsong, Music and Language: An Introduction. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 2005, p. 17-28.
MILLER, Geoffrey F. The Mating Mind: How Sexual Choice Shaped the Evolution of Human Nature. New York: Doubleday, 2000.
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Published
2026-07-31
Section
Estéticas da Arqueologia: diálogos mediados por imagens rupestres
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